UPSC Mains 2015 · GS II · Q13 · 12.5 marks · 200 words

Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in poverty levels over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural poverty indicators.

हिन्दी में

यद्यपि भारत में निर्धनता के अनेक विभिन्न प्राक्कलन किए गए हैं, तथापि सभी समय गुजरने के साथ निर्धनता स्तरों में कमी आने का संकेत देते हैं। क्या आप सहमत हैं? शहरी और ग्रामीण निर्धनता संकेतकों का उल्लेख के साथ समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder." In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.”

Ujjwal PriyankAIR 10 · CSE 2025 · 119 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a figure

The recent World Bank estimation of poverty based on $3/day on PPP was 5.3% in India. Thus, showing a drastic reduction in past decade.

However, poverty has various dimension of deprivation, exclusion and marginalisation: Thus, there is a need for a credible and periodically updated

Poverty estimation in India

Body · points and prose

B) Multidimensional Poverty Index -> ~11.7% poverty based on deprivation of education, health, basic necessity of life (C) OXFAM report -> ~40% wealth with top 1% in INDIA

Thus, there is a need for a credible and periodically updated

Poverty estimation in India

  1. One of the earliest based on Y.K. Alagh Task force on calorie requirement

  2. However, now India follows Tendulkar committee recommendation

  3. Utilisation of Household consumption expenditure survey for measuring urban and rural average household consumption

  4. Utilisation of mixed modified reference period to calculate the level of deprivation and consumption.

Close · a way forward

Thus, an objective assessment based on qualitative as well as quantitative survey study is needed for measuring POVERTY.

3 more toppers’ answers to this question, part by part, and how they all approached it: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2015, General Studies Paper II, Q13. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.