Kumud MishraAIR 69 · CSE 2024 · 166 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening · a definition
El Nino refers to the unusual warming of the Eastern pacific Ocean near the Peruvian coast. → also add cooling at australian coast
Body · points
Impact of El-Nino on Indian monsoon
(1) El-Nino suppresses Indian monsoon, negatively impacting the "south-west monsoon".
(2) The decline in south-west monsoon negatively impacts the agri sector as 70% of the area is under rainfed irrigation.
(3) It negatively impacts the climatic events even resulting in extreme weather events. Ex. Severe droughts. → Heatwave
(4) El Nino impacts the frequency, intensity and duration of rainfall
(5) However, its impacts on Indian monsoon is offset by Madian Julian oscillation, Rossby waves and Indian ocean Dipole.
Measures to cope up with El-Nino
→ This year (2023) is predicted to be El-Nino after triple dip La-Nina.
→ thus Early warning systems and predictive analysis is needed.
→ colour coded alerts Ex Heat Index of IMD.
→ Resilient agri by diversification Ex millets
Close · a way forward
Thus, there is the need for proactive approach to move from "risk to resilience".
2 more toppers’ answers to this question, part by part, and how they all approached it: open the question.