Chaitanya AwasthiAIR 37 · CSE 2022 · 291 wordsTheir whole copy
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Cotton Textile Industry is the 2nd largest employer after agriculture in India. It has been associated with the freedom struggle and has been a major contributor to India's GDP.
The industry's location is primarily governed by availability of raw material and market. However, since cotton doesn't majorly gain or lose weight, its industries' locations are governed by a number of factors.
Bombay emerged as the hub because:
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(1) Black Soil and Humid Climate ↳ availability of raw material and thread didn't break.
(2) Provincial Capital and Cosmopolitan character ↳ Bustling market and demand
(3) Capital ↳ Gujarati and Parsi businessmen ensured ample investment (4) Port ↳ Export Potential ↑ + Import (5) Labour ↳ Cheap and easy availability of unskilled labour
But after some time due to land prices shooting up, growing trade unionism in mills and advent of railways (opening new regions), Bombay became lacklustrous in face of alternatives like Gujarat etc.
Next Phase of Mills Relocation (1) Gujarat ↳ enjoyed all the favourable conditions of Bombay ↳ Land and Labour here was cheaper thus better returns. (2) Tamil Nadu ↳ especially Madurai ↳ High Quality yarn, representative of the region
(3) Uttar Pradesh → pre-indepence → Kanpur was centre due to excellent financial facilities. ↳ Market based relocation ↳ West UP produced cotton ↳ Huge population = Labour + Market (4) Punjab ↳ Market based, Malwa region could grow cotton. (5) Bengaluru and Gurugram → New emerging locations
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↳ Readymade Market, Fibre to Fashion
Thus, the cotton textile industry's dynamic character has adapted to the changing needs of society. With the advent of technical textiles, government's push towards decentralization and handlooms, it remains to be seen how the cotton textile industry will reimagine itself to face the contemporary challenges.
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