UPSC Mains 2013 · GS I · Q19(a) · 5 marks · 100 words

What do you understand by the theory of ‘continental drift’? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support.

हिन्दी में

‘महाद्वीपीय विस्थापन’ के सिद्धान्त से आप क्या समझते हैं? इसके पक्ष में प्रमुख साक्ष्यों की विवेचना कीजिए।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “How has the Continental Drift theory influenced our current understanding of the distribution of continents and oceans? Examine within the framework of plate tectonics and geological processes.”

Aakash GargAIR 5 · CSE 2024 · 147 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a definition

Continental Drift theory by Alfred Wegner aimed to explain the formation of continents. It claimed that polar fleeing force and tidal force shaped earth's lithosphere.

Later, plate tectonics overcame the limitations of continental drift theory.

Body · points and prose

Diagram
* A block diagram of a convergent boundary showing: * Convergent boundary label. * Two tectonic plates moving towards each other. * Arrows showing convection currents in the underlying mantle. * Fold mountains forming at the junction.

Role of plate tectonics: → Plates are lithospheric fragments sliding over semi molten asthenosphere energised by convective currents. 3 types of interaction:

a) Convergent (Destructive) plate boundary: It leads to formation of fold mountains along

with volcanoes. E.g: Pacific Belt of Fire.

b) Divergent (Constructive) Plate Boundary: Leads to formation of new oceanic crust. e.g: Mid-Atlantic Ridge leading to widening of Atlantic ocean.

c) Transform boundary: Causes earthquakes without crust formation or destruction.

Close

Plate tectonics have the previous supercontinent of Pangea broke into Gondwanaland and other parts forming different continents. Later split of Angaraland led to formation of Asia and N. America. Further, movement of Indo-Australian plate led to formation of Himalayas.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2013, General Studies Paper I, Q19(a). The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.