UPSC Mains 2013 · GS I · Q15 · 10 marks · 200 words

Discuss the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India.

हिन्दी में

भारत में तीव्र शहरीकरण प्रक्रिया ने जिन विभिन्न सामाजिक समस्याओं को जन्म दिया, उनकी विवेचना कीजिए।

Urbanization

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “Urbanization is a complex process that reflects transformation not only in 'where people live' and 'what they do', but also in 'how they live'. In light of this statement, analyze the impact of urbanization on the Indian society.”

Kush MotwaniAIR 11 · CSE 2023 · 208 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

Urbanization is defined as the free flow of not just people. Urbanization is a [natural phase] in the growth of human civilization, characterized by greater proportion of population living in urban areas as complexity of economy increases.

[According to world bank, India's actual urbanization level is 55%, as against the 31% estimated by Census 2011.]

Transformation in "where people live":

Body

  1. % people living in rural areas decreases.

  2. people living in urban areas inc.

  3. people living in [peri-urban areas] and in places around [urban agglomerations] increases.

  4. "Mobility led urbanization" → people live near public transport

  5. Townships and industrial corridor nodes ↓ [Eg: Jamshedpur] [Eg: Manesar]

  6. SEZ and coastal economic zones ↓ [Eg: Shenzen region in China] [Eg: JNPT, Maharashtra]

Transformation in "what they do":

  1. [change in labour pattern] (60% to 42%)
  2. % of agriculture in employment decreases.
  3. inc of manufacturing and services in employment
  4. [Arthur Lewis economic model]
  5. In context of India - ↓ in Female labour force participation
Diagram
- Chart: Line graph depicting FLPR (Y-axis) vs Year (X-axis) - Y-axis labels: 45%, 10% - X-axis labels: 2004-05, 2011, 2019 - Curve: Starts at 45% in 2004-05, drops to 10% in 2011, rises to 21% in 2019. - Note: dec from 42% to 18% from 2004-05 to 2018-19

Transformation in "how they live":

  1. Better std of living → water, electricity, mobility.
  2. Access to health, education
  3. At the same time → growth of slums

Close

[way fwd: Odisha's JAGA Mission - Global Habitat Livelihood Award Eg]

1 more topper’s answer to this question, part by part, and how they all approached it: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2013, General Studies Paper I, Q15. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.